Objective- Testicular torsion and detorsion are significant clinical issues for infertile man. Torsion of the spermatic cord is an emergency condition resulting from rotation of the testis and epididymis around the axis of the spermatic cord. A rat testis model was used to assess effects of polyethylene glycol on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Design- Experimental study Animals- Twenty four healthy male Wistar rats Procedures- The rats were included and randomized into four investigational groups (n = 6): Group SHAM: Merely laparotomy was implemented. Group ISCHEMIA: Merely a 3- hour interval ischemia was done. Group IS/REP: A 3-hour interval ischemia, three-hour reperfusion for left testis, one week reperfusion for right testis were done and 20 µL normal saline was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 30 min before termination of ischemia. Group IS/REP/PEG: The same as group IS/REP as well as 20 µL PEG solution 3% (IP) 30 min before termination of ischemia. Evaluations were based on biochemical analyses and sperm parameters morphometry. Results- Polyethylene glycol enhanced antioxidant activity and quality of sperm parameters (p<0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance-Polyethylene glycol could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in testicular tissue exposed to ischemia

The objective was to evaluate the ability of cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs) in the healing of wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) infection as well as HAMLET sensitization in rats. Fifty healthy male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n=10), randomly. In the Normal group, no infected wounds were treated with a sterile solution of saline 0.9% (0.1 ml). In the PAE group, the wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were only treated with a sterile solution of saline 0.9% (0.1 ml). In the PAE-HMLT group, HAMLET (100 µg) was used to treat infected wounds. In the PAE-CNM group, 1 mg/ml CNPs (0.1 ml) was applied topically to treat PAE-infected wounds. In the PAE-HMLT-CNM group, HAMLET (100 µg) and 1 mg/ml CNPs (0.1 ml) were applied topically to treat PAE-infected wounds. Microbiological examination, planimetric and biochemical showed significant differences between rats in the PAE-HMT-CNM group in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CNPs could offer potential to pay more attention to this harmless and easily available agent to be topically applied in wounds with infection.

With regard to the importance of prescribing medicinal plants in the traditional veterinary medicine and the anti-inflammatory role of ginger, the current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of the ginger rhizome powder following ovariohysterectomy in puppies. Ten healthy young female puppies were randomly assigned to two equal groups, including a control and an experimental group. Two hours before surgical neutering by ovariohysterectomy, a Zintoma Capsule (Zingiber officinale) was administered orally in the experimental group and continued daily for 10 days after surgery. Several inflammatory markers were measured to evaluate the postsurgical status of the animals in the different times. Although there was no difference in the albumin and glucose level between the experimental and control groups at the different times, a statistically significant reduction in the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. These preliminary findings suggest the usefulness of ginger rhizome powder, a traditional herbal dietary supplement, in the reduction of postoperative inflammatory reactions in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

We report an 11-year-old Kurdish gelding with an anaplastic malignant melanoma arising from his right lateral of the neck, which developed over 6 weeks. A ~10 cm in diameter, firm, and non-ulcerated nodular subcutaneous mass located at the middle and proximal of the left side of the neck was detected in a physical examination. No evidence of local extent or metastasis was detected. Complete surgical excision was performed under general anesthesia. Gross morphology and histopathological examination of the mass confirmed an anaplastic malignant melanoma, in which the major part of the mass has little or no pigmentation. The gelding was euthanized due to tumor regrowth. The heterogeneity in pigmentation of equine melanocytic tumors can make diagnosis difficult in punch biopsy specimens. Anaplastic malignant melanoma is most often a very aggressive neoplasm and surgical excision was not effective in this case.

A 5-year-old mongrel male dog with severe left forelimb lameness was referred to the veterinary clinic of Urmia University. On initial physical examination, vital signs were normal. However, a firm swelling with a history of one year progressive increasing in size was observed on the caudolateral aspect of the left shoulder. Pedal reflex was negative. On radiographic examination, a large mass with abnormal radiodensity was seen in the caudal humerus. Hypodermic needle aspiration specimen were unremarkable except large number of normal blood cells. Under general anesthesia, the tumoral mass was surgically removed via a caudolateral approach to the humerus. Pathological assessments corroborated the lobular pattern with the presence of tumor cells similar to normal chondrocytes in an amorphous, basophilic matrix that confirmed the chondroma tumor. In the postoperative follow-up, normal nerve function was returned and lameness was disappeared. Chondroma tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with persistent lameness and neuropathies.

Diagnosis of tenosynovitis is usually confirmed on the basis of synovial fluid analysis (such as cytological and biochemical examinations). This study was designed to examine biochemical (serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and D-dimer) and cytological (total nucleated cell count (TNCC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte count) characteristics of serum and synovial fluid of the equine digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS). Synovial fluid samples were aseptically collected in EDTA from 43 limbs in 20 horses with (study group) and 8 limbs in 8 horses without (control group) distention of DFTS and serum samples were collected from each horse. Lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and TNCC in the synovial fluid were statistically higher in the distended sheath that shows an inflammatory nature of the distention, however, concentrations of D-dimer was lower in serum (0.1, 0.10-3.80) and (0.2, 0.10-0.20) than synovial fluid (19.2, 17.78-20.00) and (20, 19.90-20.00)) in both groups. The serum SAA concentrations of the control group (1.7, 0.10-2.16) were significantly higher than the study group (1, 0.86-1.05) and the concentration of SAA in serum was higher than synovial fluid (0.89, 0.86-0.98) in the control group. Results of this current study show that a cytological evaluation of the synovial fluid is more valuable than biochemical findings in the diagnosis of the inflammatory nature of this condition.

This study investigated the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice root on the healing of surgical gastric ulcers in rats. For this experimental study, thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were prepared, and first, a 16 mm incision was made in the greater curvature of the stomach, and then it was sutured in a single layer. The rats were then randomly distributed into three groups (n=12), a control group, and two other groups, which were treated with licorice hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg orally via gavage once daily for 21 consecutive days. Wound healing among the groups was compared and a determination was made for the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and serum antioxidant capacity. The mean rank of histopathological evaluation on the twentieth day after surgery showed a significant difference between the three groups. The difference in mean rank showed a significant increase between the group of rats treated with the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg compared to the control group. The amount of MDA in the control group showed a significant increase compared to the groups treated with the extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. Serum antioxidant capacity in the experimental group treated with extracts showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group. The results of this study showed that lipid peroxidation in a gastrotomy rat treated with licorice root hydroalcoholic extract decreased with a marked increase in antioxidant activity and subsequently accelerated the healing process of the gastric surgery site.

Enthesis joins tendon, ligament, or joint capsule to the bone, which are two very different tissues. As a result, it is more prone to stress and increased risk of rupture. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the role of limb movement or immobilization in enthesis healing after surgical repair and found out if radiography could be a reliable method for determining its prognosis. Fourteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. After detaching the Achilles tendon from the bone surface, the tendon was re-attached to the bone with a modified Kessler suture pattern. The limb of group 1 rabbits was externally fixed with the fiberglass cast. In group 2, however, no cast was used. Radiographs were taken after surgery and in weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 post-operation. Samples were taken from the area after 8 weeks and stained by the hematoxylin-eosin method. The results were reported descriptively. Bone growth, increased chondrocytes in the cartilaginous region, and increased fibroblasts and fibrocytes were seen in group 1. While erosion, collagen fibers regularity, and tissue maturity were more predominant in group 2. Although early limb movement during the enthesis healing period helps to increase the regularity of collagen fibers in the tendinous zone of the enthesis, it does not increase the amount of callus in the bone and increases the risk of bone erosions and even fractures. While stabilizing the limb in the first two months of enthesis healing protects the bone against the forces and helps bone formation, which has a positive role in healing the enthesis.

Testicular torsion and detorsion are important clinical problems for infertility in men. In fact, torsion of the spermatic cord is an emergency that results from the rotation of the testis and epididymis around the axis of the spermatic cord. Male factor infertility accounts for up to half of all cases of infertility and affects one man in 20 in the general population. Using a rat testis model, effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (NCER) were studied on ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats were used. The animals were subjected to three experimental groups (n = 6): Group Sham: Only laparotomy was performed. Group IS/REP: A 3- hour ischemia and 3-hour reperfusion were performed. Group IS/REP/NCER: The procedure included 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion, and 20 µL (0.3 mmol/lit) of NCER 30 min before the cessation of ischemia. Significantly amended development of ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury was observed in animals treated with NCER compared to those of other groups (p = 0.001). Mean values of histomorphometric indices were significantly more improved than those observed for other groups (p = 0.001). Where testicular tissue is exposed to ischemia intraperitoneal administration of NCER could bear clinical benefits in diminishing ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is found in animals as well as humans. There are many different types of cancer that are found in animals, symptoms are often similar to those in people. An 8-year-old male donkey was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and examined for cylinder-like dense mass that was found on the top of the cervical region and extended from the dorsal part of the base of the ears to withers. Radiographic evaluation of the cervical region was demonstrated that the mass was well-demarcated soft tissue opacity in dorsal cervical vertebrae. Ultrasonographic experimentation display a well circumscribe hyperechoic triangular shape mass with fat echogenicity in the sagittal plane without any vascularization. Surgical exploration of the mass indicated fusiform to cylindrical, well-demarcated, and soft tissue in yellow color. The microscopic finding showed that the tumor cells were identical to those in normal fat tissue and massive vacuoles exchange the cytoplasm with peripheralization of the nuclei. Necrosis and inflammation were not observed, while, dystrophic calcification and fibrosis were detected. Based on the aforesaid macro-, microscopic and histopathologic findings, Lipoma was recognized. Nevertheless, no treatment was performed for this case due to the large volume of the mass.